Letter - 24 August - supplies from home and enough socks for the whole of 'C' company

Athol writes to his mother to thank her for her letters and a parcel full of useful items. Another parcel also arrives from Athol's mother with enough socks for the entire 'C' company with left overs for other men in 'F' and 'H' companies (men from the initial public schools' company 'F') and more left over to be raffled.

Gallipoli
24/8/15

Dear Mater,

Although it is only a day or two since I last wrote I am sending this along to thank you for '17' and '18' and enclosures. Also by this mail I received a parcel of choc. from J. Webb and Son, London (Thomas Webb was one of the founders of the Huddart Parker company) and 3 parcels from you containing a pair of boots, 2 K.shirts, 2 cotton singlets, 4 handkerchiefs, 4 towels, 6 dozen bootlaces, 1 pipe, 1 set knife etc, 2 pkts tobacco, 1 cake soap, 2 pr sox, 1 set brushes, 1 tin boracic, and the wrist watch, which came at exactly the right moment as my other went out of action yesterday and once they stop we can't get them fixed up.

Everything is A1 and I'm quite a dude today. (In another parcel) ...The socks arrived for 'C' company and everyone got a pair, what were over we gave to the old members of  'F' and 'H' companies. The few left we raffled among the rest of the Company. Everyone that was short got a pair of bootlaces. Also they think no end of the socks.

Yesterday I was sent away down to a place called 'Mule Gully' because the Indian Mule Transport are there, and had to get the Brigade's share of a shipment of stores to start canteens with. First of all the pile was divided into two lots, one for the 1st AIF and one for the A&NZ Division. Then our pile was divided into 4 according to the strength of the Brigades. This was quite a task as you can imagine, though of course we divided by cases as far as possible. Our Brigade got 109 packages containing all kinds of things, from Bovril to underclothing though there was really such a little of everything that when it is divided into 4 Battalions there will be practically nothing for the men to buy.

We got the stuff onto mule carts and I handed over the lot to be unloaded at 8pm having been at work from 7:30am. I sincerely hope I've seen the last of the stuff.

Who put that rot in the paper about me under the heading 'Jewellry'? If they must put things in the daily rags at least they might put true things in. I don't want anything in any of the papers about myself particularly my photo, as I consider that my doings are nothing to do with anyone outside my friends and relations who have probably got a photo and who probably know the facts without any reminder from the press.

The camel group was, I think Jack Melom, Rupert Matthews, Keith McIlwraith and I think Sperry Hill. Melom is missing, McIlwraith killed, Rupert Matthews has a commission in the 4th Battalion.

Hope Pater passed his exams, I suppose he'll get a company of cadets, perhaps my old company 'C' in 49A.

All the boys are very grateful for the sox etc.

Love to Aunt Puff and Pater. Remember me to anyone I know, also Norman Bayles.

Yours lovingly,

Athol

AWM image A03809

Indian Mule Teams in Mule Gully, being loaded supplies for the troops.

Lines of mules are tethered in the background. This image was taken in May 1915.

Athol visited Mule Gully on 23 August, 1915.

Letter - 23 August 1915 - weather cooler, gravel-rash from a 'pipsqueak' bomb

Athol writes home to his mother. The weather is getting cooler and some of the men wear great coats whilst on look-out. Athol sustains a few scratches and cuts from a 3 pound shell sent over by the Turks as they try to knock-out a machine gun post. Athol takes his superiors on an inspection tour of his section of trenches - about 500 yards and the additional network of communications and support trenches.

Gallipoli
23/8/15

Dear Mater,

It appears I was lucky to get your last letter, '16', as a lot of mail was sunk in one of the barges en route from the ship to the beach owing to an accident, and our Battalion lost 5 bags. We were luckier than some, as one battalion lost 17.

We are still in the same place but things in our part are a lot quieter, though of course the troops in the recently captured trenches in front of us (the Lone Pine trenches) get a pretty willing time. Really one does not know how much more one can say so we cannot of course give away any of our movements and we don't know till long afterwards what the press has been given.

The weather is getting cooler and the nights are lengthening rapidly. Whereas we used to 'stand-to' from 3 to 4am we now do so at 4.20-5am, and it is quite dark at 7.30pm. I have written letters in the trenches up to 8.45 when I first go back here. Sometimes towards dawn it is quite cold and quite a lot of the men wear their great coats when on observation. I got nicely gravel-rashed a couple of days ago by a little 3lb shell which Abdul sent to try and knockout one of our machine guns. No harm done, only a few cuts and scratches. Abdul uses these little guns quite a lot and brings them right up into his forward trenches, fires a few shots and then clears away somewhere else. I believe in France our troops call these things 'pipsqueaks', our boys have a much more impolite name.

I saw Bob Salmon yesterday. He is in the 4th Light Horse now and told me he had had a letter from you. I believe Gregor Knox has been sent away sick. Quite a lot get sick as the monotony of the life seems to get one everybody's nerves and I think that is responsible for a lot of it.

My luck was out yesterday. They started the idea of Trench Section Orderly Officer and I had to start. As the section comprises 5 sub-sections and is about 500 yards long and there are simply miles of communication and support trenches, all of which had to be inspected it was no ..... Having done my tour and duly sent in my report, the next man was informed that it had been decided to cancel the idea, and so I was the lamb.

I don't suppose we'll get a mail this week though one must be due, anyway we all hope for the best.

There is simply nothing else to say so I'll ring off.

Love to Aunt Puff, Pater and all enquiring friends,

Yours lovingly,

Athol

Letter - 13 August 1915 - acting second in command 'D' company - 'the scrap'

Athol writes home to his mother on 13 August after the battle of Lone Pine. He is now acting as second in command of 'D' company. He has received more letters from home. He briefly describes the hard work during the Battle of Lone Pine. You might note his description of the August offensive as 'the scrap'?

He enlisted on 17 August 1914, so he has been in uniform for about a year at this stage.

Gallipoli

13 August

Dear Mater

Just a wee line this time as we're pretty busy. Thanks very much for '16' which I got yesterday evening.

We shifted out of our old trenches last Thursday and came over here to fill the place of the men who were here before us. The latter attacked the Turkish trenches in front and they did wonderfully getting three lines. The shells just rained over us but we were very lucky and only had a few men hit in our company, 'D', of which I am acting second-in-command, and only one killed. Ever since then we have been pretty bush consolidating the position and I had about 4 hours sleep in snatches, in three days. 

Since then I haven't done so badly. We still get a lot of shells as there are some of our guns just behind our line of trenches and the Turks are trying to locate them. 

You should have seen me in the first few days of the scrap. Black as soot from the dirt which the shells threw over us and a big revolver round my waist. I tell you I looked like a brigand.

I haven't had any parcels lately and when the ones you have sent arrive I will be equipped as much as I can well manage so don't worry any more, particularly as they don't seem to come through too well. 

I had a letter from Aunt May and Nell Bodycomb this mail for which you might thank them as I may not have time to write for a little while. I've been working pretty hard as Captain Carter* has not been quite up to the mark and I've relieved him as much as possible and so I'm going all day and then I have my turn to take at night. There is a rumour that we are to be taken away for a spell but, though we all hope it is true, we don't place much reliance in it as we've heard that tale before.

I'm in A1 nick now, better than I've been since I landed last time, because I've had a good deal of exercise the last few days having 160 yard of trench to look after. In ordinary trench life one gets so little exercise that you can't keep in anything like decent trim. I've a job to fix now re' gas' sprays so good bye. Love to Pater, Aunts May and Puff and all enquiring friends.

Yours lovingly,

Athol

*This is probably Captain H. Carter who was a member of the 5th Battalion's 'F' public school's company. Perhaps he was ill.

9 and 10 - August - Unit Diary

9 August 1915

On 9 August , the Brigade unit diary reported the front line was 'too thinly manned to hold at night without supports close at hand'.

With this thin line of troops in the front trenches, the heavy pre-dawn Turkish rifle fire commenced just after 4am. Later that morning the 2nd Brigade suffered again from 28 shells in an hour. This compounded the effects of the huge barrage of shells on 8 August fired mainly from Mortar Ridge.

A fatigue party was set up to deal with the shell-damaged trenches in the 2nd Brigade area. These men were led by Lt. Harper and included 88 newly arrived re-inforcements of the 20th Battalion.

At about 9am, Australian howitzers fired into the Turkish trenches in front of Lone Pine and the enemy withdrew from these positions.

At about 10am in the morning further shelling was fired into 2nd Brigade trenches and this time from a different Turkish position called 'Olive Grove'.

The 5th Battalion (included Athol's group in Company B) were moved into the Lone Pine trenches at 11:42am. At this point they became attached to 1st Brigade. The 7th Battalion were moved out of the Lone Pine trenches as they were 'suffering severely from bombs'.

That night there was heavy fire from all enemy trenches.

10 August 1915

Athol was now under the direction of the 1st Brigade at Lone Pine.  The system for manning those front line trenches involved the 3rd Battalion relieving the 5th Battalion at 8am and then two days later the 5th Battalion would take over from the 3rd Battalion. This pattern continued into early September.

In these Lone Pine trenches the orders were for the men to keep overhead cover as far as possible where they would be safer from bombs thrown by the Turks at night and shells by day. The short distance from the Turks lines meant that bomb throwing was particularly effective for both sides. The Australians were warned that their bombs had short fuses and needed to be thrown quickly after being lit (see image of Bomb factory below). If the enemy were to attack the Lone Pine trenches with a large numbers of bomb throwers, our men were ordered to respond with the bayonette.

The trenches behind Lone Pine were still being manned by the 2nd Brigade. On 10 August the 2nd Brigade reported further shelling at 8:30am; Guns opened fire with shells coming from the new direction of Olive Grove. Some of these shells reached the Brigade Headquarters. There was another bout of shelling at 9:30am. Again the Southern No2 section was pounded by shelling for about half-an-hour from mid-day.

The afternoon was 'quiet'.

That evening the Turks opened up with more intense rifle fire from all enemy trenches. This occurred from about 9:30 that evening for about 20 minutes and then it opened up on Chunuk Bair further along the line to the north.

---________________________________---

This level and type of activity continues day after day according to the Unit Diary. On 12 August the diary notes 'day average'. I suppose we really have no idea of what 'average' meant in August 1915 on the Gallipoli peninsular.

The Bomb Makers - Gallipoli 1915

AWM image G00267

The Turks had a large supply or small easily-handled bombs and they were skilled in tossing them. The Anzacs had come ashore without any kind of 'bomb' so a 'bomb factory' was established near the beach. This image shows Australians making bombs by stuffing old jam tins with pieces of Turkish shell and barbed wire. Bean wrote of Lone Pine battle:

The Australians ... were learning that bombs were the most powerful weapon for hand-to-hand fighting, and that - though they knew little of bomb-throwing and mistrusted the crude 'jam tins' - if they could obtain a constant supply they could keep back the Turks.

[Charles Bean, The Story of Anzac, Vol II, Sydney, 1924, p.539]

8 August - Unit diary

On 8 August Major le Maistre commanding 5th Battalion moved his headquarters into the Lone Pine trenches along with the troops of  'A' and 'B' Companies (including Athol). The other two Companies of the 5th 'C' and 'D' were allocated to the trenches near Johnson't Jolly opposite the German Officers' Trench to support the decimated 6th Battalion. There they were subjected to the worst of the bombing attacks following the Battle of Lone Pine.

7 August - Charge at 'The Nek'

The 5th Battalion was not involved in the charge for the Nek. However, it is an important part of the story of the Gallipoli campaign.

AWM [ART07965] oil on canvas painting by George Lambert.

Lambert was commissioned in 1920 to produce this large painting (over 3m across).

It is one of the most famous paintings in the War Memorial collection.

Painted in 1924, it describes

the Charge of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade at the Nek, 7 August, 1915.

Further north from the Lone Pine trenches and the German Officers' Trench were Quinn's Post, Baby 700 and Chunuk Bair. The New Zealanders were to make an assault on Chunuk Bair on 7 August (unsuccessful and tragic). The Australian 3rd Light Horse were to make their charge on The Nek on the same day.

The preliminary bombardment was to be followed by a dawn attack against the Turkish lines at the Nek. Unfortunately the bombardment stopped seven minutes before the whistles blew and the men left their pop-ups. This gave the Turks vital minutes to re-man their positions and ready their equipment. The Australians were led, not by British generals but by Australians: Brigade commander Brigadier General F. Hughes and Lieutenant Colonel John Antill. They gave the orders for three waves of attacks. All were futile. In the confusion a fourth wave was sent over and they met the same withering machine gun fire. The fighting lasted less than an hour. More than 300 men died during the charge. The dead were left in no-man's land for the remainder of the campaign.

I can highly recommend that you read the transcript of Brendan Nelson's address to the National Press Club given yesterday. It covers the August offensive: https://www.awm.gov.au/talks-speeches/august-offensive-last-gasp/

No doubt it will be available as a pod-cast or video soon.

War Memorial link to Last Post Ceremony for Athol Adams

The Australian War Memorial have uploaded the link to the video of the Last Post Ceremony which commemorated the service of Athol Gladwyn Adams.

Could I recommend that you view this 15 minute video at: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/PAFU2015/246.01/

6-7 August - Unit diary - Battle of Lone Pine

Reinforcements arrived in the 2nd Brigade trenches starting at about 5am. The 5th Battalion was allocated four of these men. The 6th Battalion were allocated 1 officer and 117 other ranks. Some of these men were returning after previously being wounded. The 6th Battalion needed these fresh troops as they were about to attack the German Officers' Trench.

In the early morning of 6 August, the 3rd Brigade made a minor diversion near Ryrie's Post. This did divert the Turks as they opened up with heavy fire from machine gun and rifle on these trenches.

Arrangements were made for the attack on the German Officer's Trench (see map in 2 August blog post). This was opposite the northern most section of 2nd Brigade's trenches.

At 4:30 that afternoon, 6 August, 'intensive bombardment of Lone Pine followed at 5:30 by assault by 1st Brigade, assisted by rifle fire from whole of No 2 section. During assault, Turks observed leaving from trenches of Johnstone's Jolly, crowding to the rear'. This barrage of gun fire included support from warships off the coast. Unfortunately little damage was inflicted on the Lone Pine Turkish trenches as they were covered with a roof made of heavy timber logs.

At 4:30 whilst the bombardment was occurring, 'C' company of the 5th Battalion left their trenches at the front to allow the 1st Brigade to take their places. There were to be four waves of troops dashing from these trenches. The first were to spring out of pop-holes from the forward-most trenches, and the next waves were to follow up from the trenches behind.

At 5:30 that evening the Turks replied with heavy shelling of Northern No2 Section. Considerable damaged was inflicted on 2nd Brigade trenches by this shelling. At 8:30 further shelling by the Turks fell on the support trenches and further rear - firing at a rate of about a round a minute.

Whilst Northern No2 Section was being shelled at 5:30pm on 6 August, the 1st Brigade were ordered out of their trenches and ran forward towards Lone Pine. The Turks replied with devastating small arms fire. However, many of the 1st Brigade made it to the Turkish front lines. These men tried to prise open the timber lid of the trenches. Some were able to throw in bombs, others fired through gaps, some were able to jump down into the Turkish trenches and force their way along with rifle fire and bayonette and small bombs.

Some of the Australians which followed in the next waves passed over the lidded trenches and made it further inland where they captured three lines of enemy trenches.

The Turks' counterattacked quickly and the Australians made efforts to stop-up the communicating trenches. Most of this part of the battle was now at close quarters and in darkness.

At about 10:30 that evening the men of the 5th Battalion in the Northern No2 Section (opposite the German Officer's Trench) were ordered to remove all barbed wire from forward firing line recesses to allow attacking men to go over the top. The 6th Battalion were about attack the German Officers Trench.

By 11:30 that evening the 6th Battalion were ready for their assault and close to midnight three mines were successfully detonated hoping to blow up Turkish positions before their assault.

AWM image G01129 (Photograph taken by CEW Bean) Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 

Bean says 'this remarkable photograph was taken on the date of the Battle, 6 August 1915. It shows the position of a trench, occupied by German officers, which was assaulted after midnight. Our trench ran round the near side of the distant hill on the right. German officers' trench was situated in the distance, a little to the right of the highest point of the sandbags in the foreground'.

The 6th Battalion made their attack up this slope towards the German Officers' Trench rushing out of the trenches at 0035hrs. They were met with devastating machine gun fire. Few made their objective with many being cut down in the pop-ups thereby blocking the exits for the men following behind. The Division Headquarters ordered (at 1 in the morning) that the 6th Battalion should be withdrawn, re-organised and again put to the assault and that the German Officers' Trench must be taken. This message was telephoned through by a Colonel White. The Unit Diary understates: 'The Brigade Major assisted with the re-organisation which was very difficult in the darkness and the narrow confines of tunnels and the dead and wounded lying about. A very difficult operation'.

At 3:55 on 7 August the 6th Battalion again left their trenches but with the same tragic result. As soon as they started their run into the darkness devastating fire opened out from the flanks and front. The diary notes that 'the action of all ranks as gallant and brave as could be desired'.

Officer commanding the Brigade informed the Division Headquarters that this second assault had also failed. Further, they were informed that it was impossible to reorganise the remnants of the 6th Battalion. The Brigade commander was instructed (at 4:30am) to 'personally supervise a new reorganisation and then another assault is to proceed without delay, but to wait orders when to commence'.

It was not until 8:30 on the morning of 7 August that Division Headquarters advised that the 6th Battalion should rest for the day.

Further along the line and also on 7 August, at dawn, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade made a number of assaults towards the narrow bridge of land between Russell's Top and Baby 700 at the head of Monash Valley. This action became famous as the charge for 'The Nek' and remembered in Peter Weir's 1981 film 'Gallipoli. More on this tomorrow.

In the morning (7 August) daylight revealed the bodies of over 300 men of the 6th Battalion lying in the scrub of no-man's land between the Australian trenches and the German Officers' trench. But there were many more in the 1st Brigade who lost their lives in those Turkish trenches we know as Lone Pine. The intense fighting at Lone Pine continued until 9 August. In total, at the German Officers Trench and at Lone Pine and the Nek, six Battalions suffered the bulk of the casualties with nearly 2,300 killed and wounded during the battle. Seven Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross after the battle of Lone Pine, the highest number ever awarded to an Australian division for one action.

This wooden cross was erected in one of the Gallipoli battlefield cemeteries by soldiers of the 2nd Brigade, AIF, who fought at the Battle of Lone Pine, 6-9 August 1915. [AWM C03193]

The location of this grave is possibly Brown's Dip which lay in the gully behind the Lone Pine plateau.

The graves at Brown's Dip were removed to Lone Pine Cemetery after the war.

Brown's Dip was the position of the 1st Division's headquarters during the Battle of Lone Pine.

Field Service Post Card - 6 August 1915 - I am well

Athol sent a Field Service Post Card to his mother saying that he is 'quite well' and received her letter dated 15 (perhaps this was letter number 15). It was processed by the 1st Division mail centre on 19 August and didn't arrive in Melbourne until 1 October.

You will note the date, 6 August 1915. This marks the commencement of the series of attacks known as the Battle of Lone Pine.

5 August - Unit diary

On 5 August the unit diary for 2nd Brigade reports that the main concern for their troops was the Turks' 12-pounder gun which fired 53 shells into the unit's trenches during the day starting at about 6:15am.

During the morning reinforcements arrived at these trenches with the 5th Battalion gaining 140 of the fresh troops.

The re-organisation of the 2nd Brigade then commenced at 9am. The 1st Brigade were moved out of their positions (facing Lone Pine, Southern No2 section) and the 2nd Brigade took over this section. From the afternoon of 5 August the 2nd Brigade were manning both this new section as well as their old trenches opposite Johnstone's Jolly. This rearrangement was completed by about 5pm that day.

At about 12:30 Gun Trench was blown in by the Turk's 12-pounder gun firing from Mortar Ridge.

In preparation for the next day's assault the General Officer Commanding and General Staff of 1st Division established their Headquarters behind the Southern No.2 trenches in an area called Brown's Dip. (This can be seen on the map - see Blog post 2 August), behind 'the Pimple'. The 1st Australian Division's commander was Brigadier General Harold Walker, a British officer who had replaced Major General William Bridges (Australian) as temporary commander after Bridges had been killed by sniper in May 1915.

Athol notes in his correspondence of 15 August that he moved from 'B' Company back to 'D' Company at about this time. He became acting second in command after the re-organisation, Athol and 'D' Company were placed in the old 4th Battalion trenches at 'The Pimple'.

This is CEW Bean's map of the Lone Pine trenches. Athol's unit 'B' Company were holding the trenches at 'The Pimple' when the battle commenced. CEW Bean's Official War History, p.498. AWM. 

The 5th Battalion was under the command of Lt Col Le Maistre (more below).

At about 7 in the evening 'a lot of traffic was noticed back down at Mule Gully'. This would have been further supplies coming ashore for the Imperial troops. It took a great deal of effort to move these supplies up to the forward trenches.

Casualties for this day amounted to 7 wounded.

-----________________________________----

Below is an image of Lt Col Frank William Le Maistre, who commanded 5th Battlaion during the Lone Pine assault. During WW1 he was mentioned in dispatches and awarded at DSO. He died in 1951. He enlisted on August 17 at about the same time as Athol.

Reference: http://vic.ww1anzac.com/le.html

Below is an image of Brigadier General Harold Walker. General Walker, nicknamed 'Hooky' by the Australian troops, strongly objected to the Lone Pine assault plans as he had the initial landing at Gallipoli. He could see no chance of success for either operation. He was well regarded by the men and was personally very brave. He took part in the landings (the first of Birdwood's staff to step ashore) and impressed those around him with his sharpness and the value he placed on his soldier's lives. In September he was half-buried by a shell which burst in his dug-out. A few days later, whilst inspecting a post he was severely wounded by machine gun fire. He refused attention until another wounded soldier had received treatment. He was nine times mentioned in dispatches during his WW1 service.

Harold Bridgwood Walker (1862-1934), by James Quinn, 1918

Australian War Memorial, ART03349

3 August 1915 - Unit diary

The unit diary for 2nd Brigade notes that it was again 'a wet day' on 3 August.

The diary also notes 'large number of Imperial troops arrived during the night'. An enemy plane flew over the 2nd Brigade trenches at about 4:30 in the afternoon. 'A large number of Turkish troops were visible in the trenches on Chessboard' which was a little to the north (see map in 2 August blog post). There was a mortar attack at about 9:30 that evening and an incendiary bomb was fired from Johnstone's Jolly just before mid-night.

'Arrangements being made for taking over Southern No.2 Section as well as present section to allow 1st Brigade to rest and reform for assault of Lone Pine.'

No casualties that day.

4 August - Unit diary

Nineteen rounds from a 12-pounder landed on the left sub-section of 2nd Brigade's trenches at about 5:30 in the morning. More Imperial troops arrived at about the same time.

Another Turkish reconnaissance aeroplane flew over the area and dropped a bomb at about 6am.
More 11 inch shells fired from the Turks at about the same time as the plane flew past.
At 9:30 more shelling.

Further arrangements made for taking over Southern No.2 section as well as present section to allow 1st Brigade to rest and reform for assault of Lone Pine.

'Day otherwise quiet'.

[This entry slipped out of order. The date is correct - 4 August]. Apologies.

2 August 1915 - Unit Diary - MAP

By 2 August, preparations were being made for the next offensive. Athol's 'B' company made up part of the 5th Battalion within the 2nd Brigade. The 2nd Brigade were in a section of trenches known as the Northern No.11 Defence Section looking out onto Johnstone's Jolly. The 5th Battalion were in the right subsection.

Immediately south of the 2nd Brigade was the 1st Brigade. These men were facing the Lone Pine position. The plan was for them to attack these Turkish trenches on 6 August.

The 2nd Brigade unit diary states that on the evening of 1-2 August the weather was 'wet. Usual sniping, Day normal.' An enemy plane flew over their positions at about 6:15 in the evening. The diary records pretty much constant shelling from about 5 in the afternoon until about 9pm and heavy rifle fire around 11pm.

That day the Brigade suffered 1 killed and 1 wounded.

This excellent map shows the position of the Anzac trenches after capturing the Turkish trenches at Lone Pine. See the heavy-dotted lined running through the  beige sections inland from Brighton Beach. These areas are marked 'Lonesome Pine Plateau' and 'Johnstone's Jolly'. The curved bulge shows the area captured during the Battle.

Map attributed to: "Anzac Cove region topographic battlefield map H.E.C. Robinson 1916 (georeferenced)" by Gerald R. Campbell (map face); H.E.C. Robinson (publisher); Brass razoo (georeference) - National Library of Australia MAP G7431.S65 1916. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anzac_Cove_region_topographic_battlefield_map_H.E.C._Robinson_1916_(georeferenced).jpg#/media/File:Anzac_Cove_region_topographic_battlefield_map_H.E.C._Robinson_1916_(georeferenced).jpg